【期末高分题集】[北京语言大学]《阅读(IV)》考核必备48

奥鹏期末考核

51606–《阅读(IV)》2022年北京语言大学期末复习题集

单选题：
（1）He often wrote to the writers ____ he thought would help him to
become a writer, too.
A.whom
B.who
C.when
D.because
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（2）I would ask George to lend us the money if I ____ him.
A.had known
B.have known
C.knew
D.know
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（3）Do you think there would be less conflict in the world if all people ____ the same language?
A.spoke
B.speak
C.had spoken
D.will speak
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（4）She was sitting in an armchair ____ a book.
A.reading
B.to read
C.to be reading
D.to have read
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（5）No one can avoid ____ by advertisements.
A.influenced
B.influencing
C.to influence
D.being influenced
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（6）I hope there is ____ for the doctor in your car.
A.seat
B.room
C.place
D.corner
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（7）____ a teacher, one must first be a pupil.
A.Being
B.Having been
C.To be
D.To have been
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（8）If it ____ tomorrow, I would not go out.
A.should rain
B.would rain
C.will rain
D.is going to rain
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（9）It ____ around nine o'clock when I drove back home because it was already dark.
A.had to be
B.was to be
C.must have been
D.must be
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（10）Johnny's mouth watered at the ____ of the delicious cake.
A.sight
B.light
C.touch
D.notice
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（11）Soon he got ____ his difficulties and succeeded.
A.across
B.away
C.over
D.through
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（12）You will never guess whom I ____ on the street yesterday.
A.ran over
B.ran out of
C.ran into
D.ran upto
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（13）Now the committee ____ seven members.
A.consist of
B.is consisting of
C.is consisted of
D.consists of
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（14）Susan is not very intelligent, ____ work very hard.
A.not does she
B.or does she
C.either does she
D.neither does she
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（15）____ to speak when the audience interrupted him.
A.Hardly had he begun
B.No sooner had he begun
C.Not until he began
D.Scarcely did he begin
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（16）The company is small but promising. ____, I'll take the job.
A.In some cases
B.In case
C.In that case
D.In any case
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（17）Over sixty percent of the city _____ destroyed in the war.
Thirty-five percent of the doctors _____ women.
A.was,was
B.was,were
C.were,were
D.were,was
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（18）You ought to take every ____ of improving your English.
A.time
B.thing
C.chance
D.case
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（19）When there are small children around, it is necessary to put bottles of pills out of ____.
A.hand
B.hold
C.place
D.reach
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（20）____ halfway through the experiment, there was a power failure and the teacher told us to stop.
A.When we were only
B.Being only
C.When only
D.Having been
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（21）____ in a peasant family, Jack always likes farm work.
A.Brought in
B.Brought up
C.Brought about
D.Brought out
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（22）You ____ me because I didn't say anything like that.
A.must misunderstand
B.may misunderstand
C.must have misunderstood
D.could have misunderstood
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（23）This is the place ____ the foreign guests are going to visit.
A.where
B.when
C.how
D.which
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（24）Forty to sixty percent of genetically modified organisms are finding their way to the produce departments. That process involves taking a gene from one plant or animal and putting it in another. So now, we make these changes in the laboratory and put these changes back into corn by the new technology, Dr. Curtis Hannah said.Not all consumers are pleased that researchers are tinkering with food that finds its way to American dinner tables. Opponents say that some produce is laced with pesticide to make them drug resistant. Labeling advocate Jodette Green said that foods that have been genetically engineered need to be labeled.A Massachusetts watchdog group said that a local supermarket chain is selling a pancake mix containing genetically engineered ingredients that aren't listed on the label.News Center 5's Rhondella Richardson reports that MassPIRG launched its Safe Food Campaign on Thursday, calling for accurate labeling and better testing of genetically modified food.MassPIRG said that packages of Shaw's Pancake Mix contain GM food, but they aren't labeled as such. There's no info about the potentially dangerous DNA contained in this pancake mix, Jill Rubin of MassPIRG said at an afternoon press conferenceCereal and many soy and corn products are genetically modified, but they often don't say so on the label. There are not rules or regulations requiring such information on nutrition labels.MassPIRG believes that childhood ear and sinus infections could soon be incurable and that the consumption of genetically engineered food creates more food allergies.Shaw's pancake mix has not caused any known health problems, but many feel that better labeling shouldn't be too hard for a store to swallow. I want to know what's in everything I buy, shopper Alexander Grieco said. I have high blood pressure and high cholesterol.MassPIRG targeted Shaw's Supermarkets in its campaign because the Shaw's parent company in London has voluntarily removed all genetically engineered ingredients from its store brand products.A local Shaw's spokesperson said that in England, there was a lack of direction from the government on what to do when consumers questioned product safety. The Food and Drug Administration has found nothing unsafe so far, and Shaw's awaits direction from the FDA before any product is recalled. Question:Which of the following statements is true?
A.It has been strictly regulated that genetically engineered foods should be labeled as such.
B.Shaw's pancake mix didn't provide information about the potentially dangerous DNA contained.
C.Shaw's pancake mix has been proven safe and needn't be labeled.
D.there was a specific direction from the government on what to do when consumers questioned product safety.
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（25）Also serving to produce a distinctive usage was the practice of distinguishing a son from a father by the use of Junior. This typically American practice began in the middle of the eighteenth century when most gentlemen had some knowledge of Latin and were familiar with the use of the term Junior, translated often into English as "the younger," as applied to such Latin worthies as Cato and Pliny. The practice was so well established by 1776 that three signers of the Declaration added the Jr. Agai. British custom has been different; the second of a pair of great statesmen is known as William Pitt, the younger.
Still another important movement beginning around 1750 was the rise of the name Charles. Earlier, Charles is hardly found at all in New England, and is rare in the other colonies. After that its growth was not only steady but even spectacular. By 1850 it had become one of the commonest names, and it has remained close to the top since that time. Its curious nickname, Chuck, is typically American.
Almost at an equal pace with the rise of Charles, the use of Biblical names, even in New England, began to fall off. Ebenezer, and even Samuel and Benjamin, came to have about them an old-fashioned aura.
The facts are clear enough; the causes remain obscure. Immigration probably had little to do with such changes. English influence, at the ideal level, may have helped the growth of Charles. During these same decades the name was increasing in popularity there, where Sir Charles Grandison was a much read novel and Bonie Prince Charlie had given the name a renewed vogue among those who still held sentimentally to the Stuarts. But most of the other new developments seem to be wholly native and even to run counter to British practice.
Question:In the middle of the eighteenth century, people used Junior ________.
A.to show their distinctive American practice
B.to show their knowledge of Latin
C.to distinguish a son from a father
D.following the examples of the three signers of the Declaration
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（26）From the moment that an animal is born it has to make decisions. It has to decide which of the things around it are for eating, and which are to be avoided; when to attack and when to run away. The animal is, in effect, playing a complicated and potentially very dangerous game with its environment, discomfort or destruction.
This is a difficult and unpleasant business and few animals would survive if they had to start from the beginning and learn about the world wholly by trial and error, for there are too many possible decisions which would prove fatal. So we find, in practice, that the game is always arranged in favor of the young animal in one way or another. Either the animal is protected during the early stages of its learning about the world around it, or the knowledge of which way to respond is built into its nervous system from the start.
The fact that animals behave sensibly can be attributed partly to what we might call genetic learning, to distinguish it from individual learning that an animal does in the cause of its own life time. Genetic learning is learning by a species as a whole, and it is achieved by selection of those members of each generation that happen to behave in the right way. However, genetic learning depends upon a prediction that the future will more or less exactly resemble the past. The more variable individual experience is likely to be, the less efficient is genetic learning as a means of getting over the problems of the survival game. It is not surprising to find that very few species indeed depend wholly upon genetic learning. In the great majority of animals, behavior is a compound of individual experience and genetic learning to behave in particular ways.
Question:Concerning the relationship between genetic learning and individual experience, which of the following is right?
A.They are irrelevant to each other.
B.They are contradictory, but individual experience is the dominant.
C.Genetic learning is likely to function more if individual experience doesn't vary much.
D.Genetic learning is more efficient than individual experience.
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（27）Forty to sixty percent of genetically modified organisms are finding their way to the produce departments. That process involves taking a gene from one plant or animal and putting it in another. "So now, we make these changes in the laboratory and put these changes back into corn by the new technology," Dr. Curtis Hannah said.Not all consumers are pleased that researchers are tinkering with food that finds its way to American dinner tables. Opponents say that some produce is laced with pesticide to make them drug resistant. Labeling advocate Jodette Green said that foods that have been genetically engineered need to be labeled.A Massachusetts watchdog group said that a local supermarket chain is selling a pancake mix containing genetically engineered ingredients that aren't listed on the label.News Center 5's Rhondella Richardson reports that MassPIRG launched its Safe Food Campaign on Thursday, calling for accurate labeling and better testing of genetically modified food.MassPIRG said that packages of Shaw's Pancake Mix contain GM food, but they aren't labeled as such. "There's no info about the potentially dangerous DNA contained in this pancake mix," Jill Rubin of MassPIRG said at an afternoon press conferenceCereal and many soy and corn products are genetically modified, but they often don't say so on the label. There are not rules or regulations requiring such information on nutrition labels.MassPIRG believes that childhood ear and sinus infections could soon be incurable and that the consumption of genetically engineered food creates more food allergies.Shaw's pancake mix has not caused any known health problems, but many feel that better labeling shouldn't be too hard for a store to swallow. "I want to know what's in everything I buy," shopper Alexander Grieco said. "I have high blood pressure and high cholesterol."MassPIRG targeted Shaw's Supermarkets in its campaign because the Shaw's parent company in London has voluntarily removed all genetically engineered ingredients from its store brand products.A local Shaw's spokesperson said that in England, there was a lack of direction from the government on what to do when consumers questioned product safety. The Food and Drug Administration has found nothing unsafe so far, and Shaw's awaits direction from the FDA before any product is recalled.
Question:According to the article, MassPIRG is an organization ___________.
A.in favor of genetically engineered foods
B.not optimistic about genetically engineered foods
C.politically-oriented
D.responsible for testing genetically engineered food
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（28）Whether work should be placed among the causes of happiness or among the causes of unhappiness may perhaps be regarded as a doubtful question. There is certainly much work which is exceedingly irksome, and an excess of work is always very painful. I think, however, that, provided work is not excessive in amount, even the dullest work is to most people less painful than idleness. There are in work all grades, from mere relief of tedium up to the profoundest delights, according to the nature of the work and the abilities of the worker. Most of the work that most people have to do is not in itself interesting, but even such work has certain great advantages. To begin with, it fills a good many hours of the day without the need of deciding what one shall do. Most people, when they are left free to fill their own time according to their own choice, are at a loss to think of anything sufficiently pleasant to be worth doing, and whatever they decide on, they are troubled by the feeling that something else would have been pleasanter. To be able to fill leisure intelligently is the last product of civilization, and at present very few people have reached this level.
Moreover, the exercise of choice is in itself tiresome. Except to people with unusual initiative it is positively agreeable to be told what to do at each hour of the day, provided the orders are not too unpleasant. Most of the idle rich suffer unspeakable boredom as the price of their freedom from drudgery. At times, they may find relief by hunting big game in Africa, or by flying round the world, but the number of such sensations is limited, especially after youth is past.
Accordingly the more intelligent rich men work nearly as hard as if they were poor, while rich women for the most part keep themselves busy with innumerable trifles of whose earth-shaking importance they are firmly persuaded.
Question:Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?
A.It is better to receive orders which are not unpleasant than to give orders.
B.The rich people are happy because they don't have to do tedious work.
C.The rich people can enjoy sensations such as hunting or flying round the world only when they are not too
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（29）California-born and Stanford-educated, John Steinbeck gained prominence during the Great Depression of the 1930s as a novelist who combined themes of social protest with a benign view of human nature and a biological interpretation of human experience, a combination that gained him wide popularity and provided the basis for a career not only in fiction but also in journalism, the theater, and films.
John Ernst Steinbeck, Jr., was born in 1902, in the Salinas Valley, whose scenery, agricultural workers, and ne'er-do-well paisanos appear frequently in his fiction. His father was treasurer of Monterey County, and his mother was a former schoolteacher. Their library introduced him early to such standard authors as Milton, Dostoevsky, Flaubert, George Eliot, and Thomas Hardy. He was a contributor to the school newspaper, a varsity athlete, and president of his graduating class in high school, and he attended Stanford University sporadically between 1920 and 1925, majoring in English, but never finished the degree. He worked on ranches and on a road gang before trying futilely to establish himself as a writer during a brief stay in New York City in 1926, and he worked in a California fish hatchery and camped in the Sierras before publishing his first novel, Cup of Gold, in 1929. In those years he read D. H. Lawrence, Willa Cather, Sherwood Anderson, and particularly the novelists James Branch Cabelland, Hemingway with enthusiasm, but his perennial interests were the classics of Continental literature and the ancient historians.
In 1930 he married and moved to Pacific Grove, California, where his father provided a house and small allowance to support him. Two unsuccessful novels treating the enchantment of the American Dream and the cost of pursuing it (The Pastures of Heaven, 1932, and To a God Unknown, 1933) preceded his first successes, Tortilla Flat in 1935 and In Dubious Battle in 1936. The first was an episodic, warmly humorous treatment of a band of paisanos (a mixture of Spanish, Indian, and Caucasian strands). Their picturesque and shiftless ways, naive affection for their church, mystical appreciation of nature, and loyalty to their band are given the air of legend and likened to the tales of King Arthur's Round Table. The second deals with a strike among fruit pickers, its defeat by the landowners with their vigilantes, and the efforts of communist organizers first to organize the strike and then to exploit the workers.
Question:As a student at school, Steinbeck was all the following except ________.
A.a school newspaper reporter
B.an athlete
C.president of the school
D.an English major
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（30）Yhudi Menuhin, who died in Berlin on March 12, 1999, at the age of 82, was a child prodigy who fulfilled his promise to become one of the world's foremost violinists before extending his range to teaching and conducting.
The gently spoken U.S.-born virtuoso became as renowned for his devotion to humane causes as for his mastery of the violin.
The spotlight has been on him since his debut at seven in 1924. By the time he was 13, he had performed in Paris, London and New York. In Berlin, his performance prompted physicist Albert Einstein to exclaim, "Now I know there is a God in Heaven."
Reportedly the world's highest paid musician in the 1930s, his striving for perfection made him a legend. Menuhin said the violin made its own demands, "Almost like a pagan goddess, exacting a certain tribute."
When he was 38, one New York newspaper wrote, "The freshness and unique purity of his playing is exhilarating. No other violinist has such speaking eloquence in the tone alone."
He gave up public violin performances in his 70s. His hearing was a little impaired by then and he had taken on many more interests. But his conducting was still full of energy and his travel schedule grueling.
"I feel that what I've learned in music I can apply to a wide repertoire, which is fun because I am exploring new terrain," he said in an interview at the time of his 80th birthday.
"But I feel no desire now to spend hours working away again at something which I myself in the past and other people can play far better than I can now. I don't see the point."
A British citizen since 1985 and a life peer since 1993—Baron Menuhin of Stoke d'Abernon in the County of Surrey—he had a school in England and an academy in Switzerland for young musicians, whom he often conducts.
He has also helped found various musical festivals, held the Nehru Peace Prize and was a goodwill ambassador for UNESCO.
While pursuing interests such as the environment, organic farming, alternative medicine, education and the plight of gypsies, he sticks to a long-standing healthy diet and yoga.
"I don't squander my energies. Keep myself in fairly good trim. I stand on my head every morning. Conducting is a wonderful exercise because it uses every faculty," he says.
Question:Menuhin began his career as _________.
A.a child prodigy
B.a violinist
C.a teacher
D.a conductor
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（31）Let's address the question of whether speed reading is even a desirable goal. I am an avid fiction reader. Consciously or unconsciously, readers of fiction appreciate the beauty in good writing. Occasionally I will read a passage or sentence over to be impressed by the opening sentences of Ernest Hemingway's The Old Man and the Sea, The Dark, and Herman.
If I was a determined speed reader, I would never have the time to appreciate these beautiful passages. And I'd never have the time to savor the development of a character like Rhett Butler, the Great Gatsby or Captain Ahab. Good writers must be read carefully and thoughtfully to be fully appreciated.
To carry the question of the need for rapid reading a bit further, let's consider the technical or educational material most of us must read for our jobs. If you work in a technical field—and most business and professional people do—you'd better read slowly and carefully. Almost all businesses today are subject to federal regulations to some degree. If you must read the Federal Register, the Code of Federal Regulations, the OSHA Handbook or other technical materials related directly to your job, I'd urge you to take your time. A misreading could be costly or damaging to your firm. On the other hand, newspapers, news magazines and other publications should be read with some degree of speed. Here's where a general knowledge of speed reading techniques might be useful. Especially since that is the most common type of reading we do.
Anyone can improve their reading efficiently. To do so, you must learn some basic techniques and then consciously apply them. Perhaps an expensive course would help you, but an inexpensive paperback and concentrated practice might provide as much long-term benefit. In any case, you lose nothing by trying the self-help approach.
Question:The author advises people eager to improve their reading speed to ________.
A.attend an intensive course
B.read a cheap paperback before enrolling in a course
C.teach themselves by practice with a cheap paperback
D.read books on basic speed reading techniques
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（32）There are of course, the happy few who find a savor in their daily job: the Indiana stonemason, who looks upon his work and sees that it is good; the Chicago piano tuner, who seeks and finds the sound that delights; the bookbinder, who saves a piece of history; the Brooklyn fireman, who saves a piece of life … But don't these satisfactions, like Jude's hunger for knowledge, tell us more about the person than about his task? Perhaps. Nonetheless, there is a common attribute here: a meaning to their work well over and beyond the reward of the paycheck.
For the many, there is a hardly concealed discontent. The blue-collar blues is no more bitterly sung than the white-collar moan. "I'm a machine," says the spot-welder. "I'm caged," says the bank teller, and echoes the hotel clerk. "I'm a mule," says the steelworker. "A monkey can do what I do," says the receptionist. "I'm less than a farm implement," says the migrant worker. "I'm an object," says the high-fashion model. Blue collar and white call upon the identical phrase: "I'm a robot." "There is nothing to talk about," the young accountant despairingly enunciates. It was some time ago that John Henry sang, "A man ain't nothin' but a man." The hard, unromantic fact is: he died with his hammer in his hand, while the machine pumped on. Nonetheless, he found immortality. He is remembered.
As the automated pace of our daily jobs wipes out name and face—and, in many instances, feeling—there is a sacrilegious question being asked these days. To earn one's bread by the sweat of one's brow has always been the lot of mankind. At least, ever since Eden's slothful couple was served with an eviction notice, the scriptural precept was never doubted, not out loud. No matter how demeaning the task, no matter how it dulls the senses and breaks the spirit, one must work. Or else.
Lately there has been a questioning of its "work ethic" especially by the young. Strangely enough, it has touched off profound grievances in others, hitherto devout, silent, and anonymous. Unexpected precincts are being heard from in a show of discontent. Communiques from the assembly line are frequent and alarming; absenteeism. On the evening bus, the tense, pinched faces of young file clerks and elderly secretaries tell us more than we care to know. On the expressways, middle management men pose without grace behind their wheels as they flee city and job.
Question:The final paragraph discusses _________.
A.people's discontent with their work
B.unexpected precincts
C.absenteeism
D.escape from city
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（33）After this first burst of creative energy, the Americans went along, North and South, for about a century with little change in their naming-habits. Biblical names continued to give color in New England, but elsewhere it was particularly true with women's names, in the middle and southern colonies, and the excessive use of Elizabeth, Ann, Mary, and Sarah was only saved by the also liberal use of variations such as Betsy, Sally, Nanny, Nancy, and Molly.
The great German immigration of the early eighteenth century had some influence. Johann, often shortened to Hans, was by far the commonest name among these Germans, with Jocob and Heinrich following. Except where people continued to talk German, these names were rapidly Anglicized, and so increased the popularity of John, Jocob, and Henry. The Scotch-Irish immigration also exerted an influence by building up the already popular James, and adding Alexander and Archibald.
About 1740 the use of middle names began to grow. Probably the Germans had some influence here, for they generally, even as immigrants, bore two given names, of which the first was usually Johann. Another strong influence was family pride, which led to the desire to preserve the mother's family name. Purely practical, as the towns grew larger, was the need to distinguish a man more clearly from others bearing the same names. Once started, the custom grew steadily to popularity until by 1850 the man without a middle name was in a small minority, as he has since remained. The use of the middle name soon produced another typical American habit. Since the full signature of three names was too long for practical purposes, men began to use merely the middle initial, and eventually the typical American was John Q. Public.
In England, on the other hand, such a form is not used. An Englishman has to be J. Q. Public, J. Qincy Public, or John Quicy Public.
Question:Which of the following names was preferred by the Scotch-Irish immigrants at first?
A.Alexander
B.Archibald
C.James
D.Anglicize
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（34）Let's address the question of whether speed reading is even a desirable goal. I am an avid fiction reader. Consciously or unconsciously, readers of fiction appreciate the beauty in good writing. Occasionally I will read a passage or sentence over to be impressed by the opening sentences of Ernest Hemingway's The Old Man and the Sea, The Dark, and Herman.
If I was a determined speed reader, I would never have the time to appreciate these beautiful passages. And I'd never have the time to savor the development of a character like Rhett Butler, the Great Gatsby or Captain Ahab. Good writers must be read carefully and thoughtfully to be fully appreciated.
To carry the question of the need for rapid reading a bit further, let's consider the technical or educational material most of us must read for our jobs. If you work in a technical field—and most business and professional people do—you'd better read slowly and carefully. Almost all businesses today are subject to federal regulations to some degree. If you must read the Federal Register, the Code of Federal Regulations, the OSHA Handbook or other technical materials related directly to your job, I'd urge you to take your time. A misreading could be costly or damaging to your firm. On the other hand, newspapers, news magazines and other publications should be read with some degree of speed. Here's where a general knowledge of speed reading techniques might be useful. Especially since that is the most common type of reading we do.
Anyone can improve their reading efficiently. To do so, you must learn some basic techniques and then consciously apply them. Perhaps an expensive course would help you, but an inexpensive paperback and concentrated practice might provide as much long-term benefit. In any case, you lose nothing by trying the self-help approach.
Question:One type of printed material the author thinks can be read quickly is ________.
A.a business letter
B.a dictionary
C.a news magazine
D.a poem
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（35）California-born and Stanford-educated, John Steinbeck gained prominence during the Great Depression of the 1930s as a novelist who combined themes of social protest with a benign view of human nature and a biological interpretation of human experience, a combination that gained him wide popularity and provided the basis for a career not only in fiction but also in journalism, the theater, and films.
John Ernst Steinbeck, Jr., was born in 1902, in the Salinas Valley, whose scenery, agricultural workers, and ne'er-do-well paisanos appear frequently in his fiction. His father was treasurer of Monterey County, and his mother was a former schoolteacher. Their library introduced him early to such standard authors as Milton, Dostoevsky, Flaubert, George Eliot, and Thomas Hardy. He was a contributor to the school newspaper, a varsity athlete, and president of his graduating class in high school, and he attended Stanford University sporadically between 1920 and 1925, majoring in English, but never finished the degree. He worked on ranches and on a road gang before trying futilely to establish himself as a writer during a brief stay in New York City in 1926, and he worked in a California fish hatchery and camped in the Sierras before publishing his first novel, Cup of Gold, in 1929. In those years he read D. H. Lawrence, Willa Cather, Sherwood Anderson, and particularly the novelists James Branch Cabelland, Hemingway with enthusiasm, but his perennial interests were the classics of Continental literature and the ancient historians.
In 1930 he married and moved to Pacific Grove, California, where his father provided a house and small allowance to support him. Two unsuccessful novels treating the enchantment of the American Dream and the cost of pursuing it (The Pastures of Heaven, 1932, and To a God Unknown, 1933) preceded his first successes, Tortilla Flat in 1935 and In Dubious Battle in 1936. The first was an episodic, warmly humorous treatment of a band of paisanos (a mixture of Spanish, Indian, and Caucasian strands). Their picturesque and shiftless ways, naive affection for their church, mystical appreciation of nature, and loyalty to their band are given the air of legend and likened to the tales of King Arthur's Round Table. The second deals with a strike among fruit pickers, its defeat by the landowners with their vigilantes, and the efforts of communist organizers first to organize the strike and then to exploit the workers.
Question:In Dubious Battle gives a description of ________.
A.a group of paisanos loyal to their band
B.King Arthur's Round Table
C.the defeat of a strike by the landowners
D.soldiers fighting for freedom
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（36）Americans are pound of their variety and individuality, yet they love and respect few things more than a uniform, whether it is the uniform of an elevator operator or the uniform of a five-star general. Why are uniforms so popular in the United States?
Among the arguments for uniforms, one of the first is that in the eyes of most people they look more professional than civilian（百姓的）clothes. People have become conditioned to expect superior quality from a man who wears a uniform. the television repairman who wears uniform tends to inspire more trust than one who appears in civilian clothes. Faith in the skill of a garage mechanic is increased by a uniform. What easier way is there for a nurse, a policeman, a barber, or a waiter to lose professional identity（身份）than to step out of uniform?
Uniforms also have many practical benefits. They save on other clothes. They save on laundry bills. They are tax-deductible（可减税的）. They are often more comfortable and more durable than civilian clothes.
Primary among the arguments against uniforms is their lack of variety and the consequent loss of individuality experienced by people who must wear them. Though there are many types of uniforms, the wearer of any particular type is generally stuck with it, without change, until retirement. When people look alike, they tend to think, speak, and act similarly, on the job at least.
Uniforms also give rise to some practical problems. Though they are long-lasting, often their initial expense is greater than the cost of civilian clothes. Some uniforms are also expensive to maintain, requiring professional dry cleaning rather than the home laundering possible with many types of civilian clothes.
Question:According to the passage, people wearing uniforms ____.
A.are usually helpful
B.have little or no individual freedom
C.tend to lose their individuality
D.enjoy greater popularity
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（37）Anyone meeting Matthew Daniels for the first time could easily assume that he is the product of a conventional, even privileged childhood. With his well-spoken manner, his Ivy League education, and his business card reading "President, Massachusetts Family Institute," Mr. Daniels is the picture of youthful American success.
But Daniels can tell a story that refutes those assumptions about his childhood. His father abandoned the family when he was 2. His mother took a job as a secretary. But on her way home one evening she was mugged, sustaining injuries that eventually left her unable to work, the family went on welfare.
Growing up in New York's Spanish Harliem, Daniels was one of only four white students until ninth grade. Despite a difficult environment, he stayed out of trouble. He even won a full scholarship to Dartmouth College, graduating in 1985.
How did he do it? He credits his mother's religious faith. "It's why I didn't end up like the guys in my neighborhood," he says. "Some went to prison." Although his father, a writer, didn't support the family, he maintained contact with his son, emphasizing the importance of books and education.
Because of his experience, Daniels has become a passionate advocate of the two-parent family. He sees it as an institution under cultural siege, generally supported by "the person in the street" but too often dismissed by those in academic and media circles.
Some of the groups, he says, have miscalculated the social consequences of "trying to convince people that there are all sorts of" alternative family forms. Even during law school, he encountered professors who were "openly hostile to the idea that we need two-parent families to have a healthy society."
Reporters and academics may not be the only ones ambivalent about marriage. A new study of college textbooks finds that many texts on marriage paint a pessimistic view. They emphasize divorce and domestic violence, the report says, and focus far more on adult relationships and problems than on children's needs.
Question:All of the following happened to Daniels except that __________.
A.his father left his family when Daniels was still a small child
B.his mother was injured and could not work
C.Daniels had to work hard to support his family when he was a child
D.the welfare of the state helped the family to live
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（38）There are of course, the happy few who find a savor in their daily job: the Indiana stonemason, who looks upon his work and sees that it is good; the Chicago piano tuner, who seeks and finds the sound that delights; the bookbinder, who saves a piece of history; the Brooklyn fireman, who saves a piece of life … But don't these satisfactions, like Jude's hunger for knowledge, tell us more about the person than about his task? Perhaps. Nonetheless, there is a common attribute here: a meaning to their work well over and beyond the reward of the paycheck.
For the many, there is a hardly concealed discontent. The blue-collar blues is no more bitterly sung than the white-collar moan. "I'm a machine," says the spot-welder. "I'm caged," says the bank teller, and echoes the hotel clerk. "I'm a mule," says the steelworker. "A monkey can do what I do," says the receptionist. "I'm less than a farm implement," says the migrant worker. "I'm an object," says the high-fashion model. Blue collar and white call upon the identical phrase: "I'm a robot." "There is nothing to talk about," the young accountant despairingly enunciates. It was some time ago that John Henry sang, "A man ain't nothin' but a man." The hard, unromantic fact is: he died with his hammer in his hand, while the machine pumped on. Nonetheless, he found immortality. He is remembered.
As the automated pace of our daily jobs wipes out name and face—and, in many instances, feeling—there is a sacrilegious question being asked these days. To earn one's bread by the sweat of one's brow has always been the lot of mankind. At least, ever since Eden's slothful couple was served with an eviction notice, the scriptural precept was never doubted, not out loud. No matter how demeaning the task, no matter how it dulls the senses and breaks the spirit, one must work. Or else.
Lately there has been a questioning of its "work ethic" especially by the young. Strangely enough, it has touched off profound grievances in others, hitherto devout, silent, and anonymous. Unexpected precincts are being heard from in a show of discontent. Communiques from the assembly line are frequent and alarming; absenteeism. On the evening bus, the tense, pinched faces of young file clerks and elderly secretaries tell us more than we care to know. On the expressways, middle management men pose without grace behind their wheels as they flee city and job.
Question:The second paragraph reveals that ________.
A.everyone is working hard
B.most people cannot get satisfaction from their work
C.people are robots
D.people are immortalized and remembered through their work
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（39）I get jumpy inside when I get jealous and I find it hard to control that. At first I try to avoid it, try to pretend it's not there. Mostly that works for me; my jealous feelings are fleeting things anyway. They never last very long.
I know that jealousy is real and I don't want to deny it in me, but I don't like the physical feeling it gives me. I sometimes like the feelings behind the jealousy and being made to feel jealous. It says to me that I care enough, like someone enough to be moved in that way. It means that I am still in touch with someone in a relationship and that the relationship is important to me, whether it's a male friend or a woman.
When I am jealous it's as if someone was intruding on some private territory. But once I understand what's happening I can talk about it with the people involved and understand it's not threatening to my relationship, it seems okay. It seems like me giving permission to come into something that is personal and private. It can start out to be very private, but that can be negotiated.
Sometimes I wish I could talk about it more with the person that causes me to be jealous, but sometimes I don't think that's a way I should be and I don't talk about it. Anyhow, jealousy is real and I don't want to hide it. Sometimes I don't want to talk about it because the person I'm dealing with is not important enough for me to spend the time and energy it would take to straighten things out. If it's someone I care about and am going to be spending more time with, I think I can and would talk about what's bothering me.
When I get down to it, I think my jealousy has to do with low self-esteem, low self-concept or feeling inadequate. Mostly it's built around insecurity. But I don't know if I'll ever become that secure as to not experience some jealousy. I don't want anyone to be that meaningless to me. It seems kind of dangerous to me to be that sure.
Question:When he gets jealous, sometimes he will _________.
A.refuse to talk about it
B.try to hide it from others
C.talk about it with someone who can help him sort things out
D.discuss about it with his friends
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（40）Forty to sixty percent of genetically modified organisms are finding their way to the produce departments. That process involves taking a gene from one plant or animal and putting it in another. "So now, we make these changes in the laboratory and put these changes back into corn by the new technology," Dr. Curtis Hannah said.Not all consumers are pleased that researchers are tinkering with food that finds its way to American dinner tables. Opponents say that some produce is laced with pesticide to make them drug resistant. Labeling advocate Jodette Green said that foods that have been genetically engineered need to be labeled.A Massachusetts watchdog group said that a local supermarket chain is selling a pancake mix containing genetically engineered ingredients that aren't listed on the label.News Center 5's Rhondella Richardson reports that MassPIRG launched its Safe Food Campaign on Thursday, calling for accurate labeling and better testing of genetically modified food.MassPIRG said that packages of Shaw's Pancake Mix contain GM food, but they aren't labeled as such. "There's no info about the potentially dangerous DNA contained in this pancake mix," Jill Rubin of MassPIRG said at an afternoon press conferenceCereal and many soy and corn products are genetically modified, but they often don't say so on the label. There are not rules or regulations requiring such information on nutrition labels.MassPIRG believes that childhood ear and sinus infections could soon be incurable and that the consumption of genetically engineered food creates more food allergies.Shaw's pancake mix has not caused any known health problems, but many feel that better labeling shouldn't be too hard for a store to swallow. "I want to know what's in everything I buy," shopper Alexander Grieco said. "I have high blood pressure and high cholesterol."MassPIRG targeted Shaw's Supermarkets in its campaign because the Shaw's parent company in London has voluntarily removed all genetically engineered ingredients from its store brand products.A local Shaw's spokesperson said that in England, there was a lack of direction from the government on what to do when consumers questioned product safety. The Food and Drug Administration has found nothing unsafe so far, and Shaw's awaits direction from the FDA before any product is recalled.
Question:One of the reasons why genetically engineered foods are not welcome is that _________.
A.some of them are drug-resistant
B.a high percentage of them come from the laboratory
C.probably pesticide is put in 奥鹏期末考核them
D.they are not nutrient
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（41）From the moment that an animal is born it has to make decisions. It has to decide which of the things around it are for eating, and which are to be avoided; when to attack and when to run away. The animal is, in effect, playing a complicated and potentially very dangerous game with its environment, discomfort or destruction.
This is a difficult and unpleasant business and few animals would survive if they had to start from the beginning and learn about the world wholly by trial and error, for there are too many possible decisions which would prove fatal. So we find, in practice, that the game is always arranged in favor of the young animal in one way or another. Either the animal is protected during the early stages of its learning about the world around it, or the knowledge of which way to respond is built into its nervous system from the start.
The fact that animals behave sensibly can be attributed partly to what we might call genetic learning, to distinguish it from individual learning that an animal does in the cause of its own life time. Genetic learning is learning by a species as a whole, and it is achieved by selection of those members of each generation that happen to behave in the right way. However, genetic learning depends upon a prediction that the future will more or less exactly resemble the past. The more variable individual experience is likely to be, the less efficient is genetic learning as a means of getting over the problems of the survival game. It is not surprising to find that very few species indeed depend wholly upon genetic learning. In the great majority of animals, behavior is a compound of individual experience and genetic learning to behave in particular ways.
Question:Most animals survive because they can make right decisions by ________.
A.a series of trials and errors
B.knowledge obtained in their life time
C.the nervous system
D.genetic learning and individual experience
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（42）Let's address the question of whether speed reading is even a desirable goal. I am an avid fiction reader. Consciously or unconsciously, readers of fiction appreciate the beauty in good writing. Occasionally I will read a passage or sentence over to be impressed by the opening sentences of Ernest Hemingway's The Old Man and the Sea, The Dark, and Herman.
If I was a determined speed reader, I would never have the time to appreciate these beautiful passages. And I'd never have the time to savor the development of a character like Rhett Butler, the Great Gatsby or Captain Ahab. Good writers must be read carefully and thoughtfully to be fully appreciated.
To carry the question of the need for rapid reading a bit further, let's consider the technical or educational material most of us must read for our jobs. If you work in a technical field—and most business and professional people do—you'd better read slowly and carefully. Almost all businesses today are subject to federal regulations to some degree. If you must read the Federal Register, the Code of Federal Regulations, the OSHA Handbook or other technical materials related directly to your job, I'd urge you to take your time. A misreading could be costly or damaging to your firm. On the other hand, newspapers, news magazines and other publications should be read with some degree of speed. Here's where a general knowledge of speed reading techniques might be useful. Especially since that is the most common type of reading we do.
Anyone can improve their reading efficiently. To do so, you must learn some basic techniques and then consciously apply them. Perhaps an expensive course would help you, but an inexpensive paperback and concentrated practice might provide as much long-term benefit. In any case, you lose nothing by trying the self-help approach.
Question:From the passage we can know that the author is _________.
A.an enthusiastic reader of fiction
B.an unenthusiastic reader of fiction
C.a speed reader of fiction
D.an indifferent reader of fiction
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（43）Americans are pound of their variety and individuality, yet they love and respect few things more than a uniform, whether it is the uniform of an elevator operator or the uniform of a five-star general. Why are uniforms so popular in the United States?
Among the arguments for uniforms, one of the first is that in the eyes of most people they look more professional than civilian（百姓的）clothes. People have become conditioned to expect superior quality from a man who wears a uniform. the television repairman who wears uniform tends to inspire more trust than one who appears in civilian clothes. Faith in the skill of a garage mechanic is increased by a uniform. What easier way is there for a nurse, a policeman, a barber, or a waiter to lose professional identity（身份）than to step out of uniform?
Uniforms also have many practical benefits. They save on other clothes. They save on laundry bills. They are tax-deductible（可减税的）. They are often more comfortable and more durable than civilian clothes.
Primary among the arguments against uniforms is their lack of variety and the consequent loss of individuality experienced by people who must wear them. Though there are many types of uniforms, the wearer of any particular type is generally stuck with it, without change, until retirement. When people look alike, they tend to think, speak, and act similarly, on the job at least.
Uniforms also give rise to some practical problems. Though they are long-lasting, often their initial expense is greater than the cost of civilian clothes. Some uniforms are also expensive to maintain, requiring professional dry cleaning rather than the home laundering possible with many types of civilian clothes.
Question:The best title for this passage would be ____.
A.Uniforms and Society
B.The Importance of Wearing a Uniform
C.Practical Benefits of Wearing a Uniform
D.Advantages and Disadvantages of Uniforms
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（44）To create a supercell, take a storm where wind speed increases with height, while wind direction veers; a situation in which updraughts and downdraughts within the thunderstorm can support each other's existence rather than cancel each other out. It is as winds blow into this turbulent region from three to five kilometers up that a low-pressure section of the storm may begin to rotate.
The rotation of this part of the storm (known as a mesocyclone) causes the air pressure to fall some more, prompting wind lower down to flow into the storm and speed up upwards. This creates a spinning updraught which high-level winds in the storm can boost in the same way that wind blowing across the top of a chimney does wonders for drawing up an open fire.
You're not yet looking at a tornado, though if you're watching this particular storm develop you might start looking for a getaway car —especially if the storm begins to change shape. When mid-to upper-level winds upwind of the storm encounter the supercell, some are forced to detour round it. They converge again downwind, moulding the storm clouds into an ominous anvil-shape in the process. But while some wind goes round the mesocyclone, some runs full square into this meteorological brick wall and is forced downward, creating a "rear flank downdraught" (RFD) which many experts believe is what makes or breaks a tornadic storm.
It's when an RFD tries to swing around the base of the storm, narrowing the area of wind flowing into the updraught and increasing its spin (in the same way figure skaters when their arms are pulled in) that you might want to get into your getaway car. If you're anywhere beneath whirling piece of meteorological give and take—a funnel cloud—you are in a bad, dangerous place known to stormchasers as "the bear cage". It's where, if the funnel cloud sticks around long enough for the updraught to touchdown on terra firma, you will find yourself on the inside of a tornado.
Question:If you were caught by a tornado, which of the following statement is NOT right?
A.You must have been in "the bear cage".
B.It should have been the updraught that got you.
C.The funnel cloud must have kept running around.
D.The updraught should not have touched the ground.
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（45）Let's address the question of whether speed reading is even a desirable goal. I am an avid fiction reader. Consciously or unconsciously, readers of fiction appreciate the beauty in good writing. Occasionally I will read a passage or sentence over to be impressed by the opening sentences of Ernest Hemingway's The Old Man and the Sea, The Dark, and Herman.
If I was a determined speed reader, I would never have the time to appreciate these beautiful passages. And I'd never have the time to savor the development of a character like Rhett Butler, the Great Gatsby or Captain Ahab. Good writers must be read carefully and thoughtfully to be fully appreciated.
To carry the question of the need for rapid reading a bit further, let's consider the technical or educational material most of us must read for our jobs. If you work in a technical field—and most business and professional people do—you'd better read slowly and carefully. Almost all businesses today are subject to federal regulations to some degree. If you must read the Federal Register, the Code of Federal Regulations, the OSHA Handbook or other technical materials related directly to your job, I'd urge you to take your time. A misreading could be costly or damaging to your firm. On the other hand, newspapers, news magazines and other publications should be read with some degree of speed. Here's where a general knowledge of speed reading techniques might be useful. Especially since that is the most common type of reading we do.
Anyone can improve their reading efficiently. To do so, you must learn some basic techniques and then consciously apply them. Perhaps an expensive course would help you, but an inexpensive paperback and concentrated practice might provide as much long-term benefit. In any case, you lose nothing by trying the self-help approach.
Question:Technical materials should be read carefully because _________.
A.they are usually difficult to understand
B.they are related to federal regulations
C.they are an uncommon type of reading
D.a misreading may do harm to your work
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（46）Forty to sixty percent of genetically modified organisms are finding their way to the produce departments. That process involves taking a gene from one plant or animal and putting it in another. "So now, we make these changes in the laboratory and put these changes back into corn by the new technology," Dr. Curtis Hannah said.Not all consumers are pleased that researchers are tinkering with food that finds its way to American dinner tables. Opponents say that some produce is laced with pesticide to make them drug resistant. Labeling advocate Jodette Green said that foods that have been genetically engineered need to be labeled.A Massachusetts watchdog group said that a local supermarket chain is selling a pancake mix containing genetically engineered ingredients that aren't listed on the label.News Center 5's Rhondella Richardson reports that MassPIRG launched its Safe Food Campaign on Thursday, calling for accurate labeling and better testing of genetically modified food.MassPIRG said that packages of Shaw's Pancake Mix contain GM food, but they aren't labeled as such. "There's no info about the potentially dangerous DNA contained in this pancake mix," Jill Rubin of MassPIRG said at an afternoon press conferenceCereal and many soy and corn products are genetically modified, but they often don't say so on the label. There are not rules or regulations requiring such information on nutrition labels.MassPIRG believes that childhood ear and sinus infections could soon be incurable and that the consumption of genetically engineered food creates more food allergies.Shaw's pancake mix has not caused any known health problems, but many feel that better labeling shouldn't be too hard for a store to swallow. "I want to know what's in everything I buy," shopper Alexander Grieco said. "I have high blood pressure and high cholesterol."MassPIRG targeted Shaw's Supermarkets in its campaign because the Shaw's parent company in London has voluntarily removed all genetically engineered ingredients from its store brand products.A local Shaw's spokesperson said that in England, there was a lack of direction from the government on what to do when consumers questioned product safety. The Food and Drug Administration has found nothing unsafe so far, and Shaw's awaits direction from the FDA before any product is recalled.
Question:Shaw's Supermarkets _________.
A.are based in England
B.are based in Massachusetts
C.take the same measure both in Massachusetts and in London
D.take all the genetically engineered foods off their shelves
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（47）Anyone meeting Matthew Daniels for the first time could easily assume that he is the product of a conventional, even privileged childhood. With his well-spoken manner, his Ivy League education, and his business card reading "President, Massachusetts Family Institute," Mr. Daniels is the picture of youthful American success.
But Daniels can tell a story that refutes those assumptions about his childhood. His father abandoned the family when he was 2. His mother took a job as a secretary. But on her way home one evening she was mugged, sustaining injuries that eventually left her unable to work, the family went on welfare.
Growing up in New York's Spanish Harliem, Daniels was one of only four white students until ninth grade. Despite a difficult environment, he stayed out of trouble. He even won a full scholarship to Dartmouth College, graduating in 1985.
How did he do it? He credits his mother's religious faith. "It's why I didn't end up like the guys in my neighborhood," he says. "Some went to prison." Although his father, a writer, didn't support the family, he maintained contact with his son, emphasizing the importance of books and education.
Because of his experience, Daniels has become a passionate advocate of the two-parent family. He sees it as an institution under cultural siege, generally supported by "the person in the street" but too often dismissed by those in academic and media circles.
Some of the groups, he says, have miscalculated the social consequences of "trying to convince people that there are all sorts of" alternative family forms. Even during law school, he encountered professors who were "openly hostile to the idea that we need two-parent families to have a healthy society."
Reporters and academics may not be the only ones ambivalent about marriage. A new study of college textbooks finds that many texts on marriage paint a pessimistic view. They emphasize divorce and domestic violence, the report says, and focus far more on adult relationships and problems than on children's needs.
Question:According to the passage, Daniels is a __________ man.
A.successful
B.conventional
C.privileged
D.unfortunate
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（48）Whether work should be placed among the causes of happiness or among the causes of unhappiness may perhaps be regarded as a doubtful question. There is certainly much work which is exceedingly irksome, and an excess of work is always very painful. I think, however, that, provided work is not excessive in amount, even the dullest work is to most people less painful than idleness. There are in work all grades, from mere relief of tedium up to the profoundest delights, according to the nature of the work and the abilities of the worker. Most of the work that most people have to do is not in itself interesting, but even such work has certain great advantages. To begin with, it fills a good many hours of the day without the need of deciding what one shall do. Most people, when they are left free to fill their own time according to their own choice, are at a loss to think of anything sufficiently pleasant to be worth doing, and whatever they decide on, they are troubled by the feeling that something else would have been pleasanter. To be able to fill leisure intelligently is the last product of civilization, and at present very few people have reached this level.
Moreover, the exercise of choice is in itself tiresome. Except to people with unusual initiative it is positively agreeable to be told what to do at each hour of the day, provided the orders are not too unpleasant. Most of the idle rich suffer unspeakable boredom as the price of their freedom from drudgery. At times, they may find relief by hunting big game in Africa, or by flying round the world, but the number of such sensations is limited, especially after youth is past.
Accordingly the more intelligent rich men work nearly as hard as if they were poor, while rich women for the most part keep themselves busy with innumerable trifles of whose earth-shaking importance they are firmly persuaded.
Question:The author is certain that ________.
A.work causes happiness
B.work causes unhappiness
C.there is always too much work
D.too much work causes pain
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（49）I wish you __________________ to me before you went and bought that car.
A.spoke
B.will speak
C.was going to speak
D.had spoken
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（50）Many buildings in the city need repairing, but the one __________________ first is the library.
A.repaired
B.being repaired
C.repairing
D.to be repaired
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（51）The dictionary is what I want, but I don’t have enough money __________________ me.
A.by
B.for
C.in
D.with
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（52）It was hard for him to learn English in a family, in which __________________ of the parents spoke the language.
A.none
B.neither
C.both
D.each
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（53）Bill wasn’t happy about the delay of the report by Jason, and __________________.
A.I was neither
B.neither was I
C.I was either
D.either was I
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（54）It was not until midnight __________________ they reached the camp site.
A.that
B.when
C.while
D.as
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（55）__________________ the website of the Fire Department in your city, and you will learn a lot about firefighting.
A.Having searched
B.To search
C.Searching
D.Search
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（56）The housemaster requested that we __________________ television on week nights.
A.not watch
B.must not to watch
C.not be watching
D.have not watched
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（57）He is __________________about his chances of winning a gold medal in the Olympics next year.
A.optimistic
B.optional
C.outstanding
D.obvious
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（58）The wet weather will continue tomorrow when a cold front __________________ to arrive.
A.is expected
B.is expecting
C.expects
D.will be expected
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（59）Why was the tennis tournament __________________? Bad weather, I suppose.
A.called off
B.called back
C.called on
D.called up
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（60）Animals that could not __________________ themselves to the changed environment perished.
A.change
B.adapt
C.modify
D.conform
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（61）I have been convinced that the print media are usually more __________________ and more reliable than television.
A.accurate
B.ridiculous
C.urgent
D.shallow
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（62）If their marketing plans succeed, they __________________ their sales by 20 percent.
A.will increase
B.have been increasing
C.have increased
D.would be increasing
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（63）We__________________ on this project for four hours. Let’s have a rest.
A.are working
B.have been working
C.worked
D.had worked
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（64）__________________ hungry I am, I never seem to be able to finish off this loaf of bread.
A.Whatever
B.Whenever
C.Wherever
D.However
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（65）_________________ you disagree with her, her idea is still worth considering.
A.Even if
B.If only
C.Instead
D.Despite of
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（66）The news shocked the public, __________________ to great concern about students’ safety at school.
A.having led
B.led
C.leading
D.to lead
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（67）He telephoned the travel agency to __________________ three air tickets to London.
A.order
B.arrange
C.take
D.book
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（68）A successful scientist needs __________________ if he wants to make hypothesis (假设) of how processes work and how events take place.
A.permission
B.penetration
C.imagination
D.convention
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（69）As he works in a remote area, he visits his parents only __________________.
A.occasionally
B.anxiously
C.practically
D.urgently
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（70）The young man made a __________________ to his parents that he would try to earn his own living after graduation.
A.prediction
B.promise
C.plan
D.contribution
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（71）Let’s buy our tickets while I still have __________________.
A.a little money to leave
B.little money left
C.a few dollars left
D.few dollars to leave
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（72）He talks as if he __________________ everything in the world.
A.knows
B.knew
C.had known
D.would have known
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（73）We consider __________________ the instrument be adjusted each time it is used.
A.that it necessary
B.it necessary that
C.necessary that
D.necessary of it that
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（74）Anne couldn’t concentrate __________________ what she was doing while her family were watching TV.
A.to
B.on
C.for
D.in
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（75）Can you __________________ that problem?
A.work for
B.work out
C.work over
D.work in
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（76）The director had her assistant __________________ some hot dogs for the meeting.
A.picked up
B.picks up
C.pick up
D.picking up
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（77）A small house as well as many tall buildings ________ here.
A.are to build
B.is to build
C.is to be built
D.are to be built
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（78）Your homework must be __________________ in two hours
A.given away
B.given up
C.given in
D.given back
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（79）__________________ tired after a hard work, she fell into bed and went straight to sleep.
A.Felt
B.Feeling
C.Being felt
D.To feel
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（80）I believe that every crime, _________________ the circumstance, should be severely punished.
A.in spite of
B.because of
C.instead of
D.on account of
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（81）In time of serious accidents, __________________ we know some basic things about first aid, we can save lives.
A.whether
B.until
C.if
D.unless
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（82）What should we do if it __________________ tomorrow?
A.should snow
B.would snow
C.snow
D.will snow
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（83）You have to __________________ a choice. Are you going to leave or stay?
A.decide
B.get
C.do
D.make
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（84）If you plant watermelon seeds in the spring, you __________________ fresh watermelon in the fall.
A.eat
B.would eat
C.have eaten
D.will be eating
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阅读理解：
（1）Recently, one of my best friends Jennie, with whom I have shared just about everything since the first day of kindergarten, spent the weekend with me. Since I moved to a new town several years ago, we have both always looked forward to the few times a year when we can see each other.
Over the weekend, we spent hours and hours, staying up late into the night, talking about the people she was hanging around with. She started telling me stories about her new boy friend, about how he experimented with drugs and was into other self-destructive behavior. I was blown away! She told me how she had been lying to her parents about where she was going and even stealing out to see this guy because they didn’t want her around him.
No matter how hard I tried to tell her that she deserved better, she didn’t believe me. Her self-respect seemed to have disappeared.
I tried to convince her that she was ruining her future and heading for big trouble. I felt like I was getting nowhere. I just couldn’t believe that she really thought it was acceptable to hang with a bunch of losers, especially her boy friend.
By the time she left, I was really worried about her and exhausted by the experience. It had been so frustrating that I had come close to telling her several times during the weekend that maybe we had just grown too far apart to continue our friendship, but I didn’t. I put the power of friendship to the ultimate test. We’d been friends for far too long. I had to hope that she valued me enough to know that I was trying to save her from hurting herself. I wanted to believe that our friendship could conquer anything.
A few days later, she called to say that she had thought long and hard about our conversation, and then she told me that she had broken up with her boy friend. I just listened on the other end of the phone with tears of joy running down my face. It was one of the truly rewarding moments in my life. Never had I been so proud of a friend.
第1小题
What word best sums up Jennie’s boy friend?
第2小题
What was the attitude of Jennie’s parents towards her relationship with her boy friend?
第3小题
How did the author react to Jennie’s relationship with her boy friend?
第4小题
How did the author feel when Jennie told her she had broken up with her boy friend?
第5小题
What message does the author try to convey in this passage?

选项：
A.drug user.
选项：
B.A loser.
选项：
C.A trouble maker.
选项：
D.A criminal.
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（2）In the United States elementary education begins at the age of six. At this stage nearly all the teachers are women, mostly married. The atmosphere is usually very friendly, and the teachers have now accepted the idea that the important thing is to make the children happy and interested. The old authoritarian (要绝对服从的) methods of education were discredited (不被认可) rather a long time ago. So many people now think that they have gone too far in the direction of trying to make children happy and interested rather than giving them actual instruction.
The social education of young children tries to make them accept the idea that human beings in a society need to work together for their common good. So the emphasis is on co-operation rather than competition throughout most of this process. This may seem curious, in view of the fact that American society is highly competitive; however, the need for making people sociable in this sense has come to be regarded as one of the functions of education. Most Americans do grow up with competitive ideas, and obviously quite a few as criminals, but it is not fair to say that the educational system fails. It probably does succeed in making most people sociable and ready to help one another both in material ways and through kindness and friendliness.
第1小题
According to the passage, the U.S. elementary education is supposed to make children __________________.
第2小题
Some Americans complain about elementary schools because they think __________________.
第3小题
The author’s attitude towards American education can be best described as __________________.
第4小题
The American educational system emphasizes __________________.
第5小题
The word “sociable” (Line 8, Paragraph 2) most probably means __________________.

选项：
A.sensible and sensitive
选项：
B.competitive and interested
选项：
C.curious and friendly
选项：
D.happy and co-operative
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（3）A foreigner’s first impression to the U.S is likely to be that everyone is in a rush— often under pressure. City people appear always to be hurrying to get where they are going, restlessly seeking attention in a store, elbowing others as they try to complete their errands. Racing through daytime meals is part of the pace of life in this country.
Working time is considered precious. Others in public eating places are waiting for you to finish so they too can be served and get back to work within the time allowed. Each person hurries to make room for the next person. If you don’t, waiters will hurry you.
You also find drivers will be abrupt and that people will push past you. You will miss smiles, brief conversations, and small contacts with strangers. Don’t take it personally. This is because people value time highly, and they resent someone else “wasting” it beyond a certain courtesy point.
This view of time affects the importance we attach to patience. In the American system of values, patience is not a high priority. Many of us have what might be called “a short fuse.” We begin to move restlessly about if we feel time is slipping away without some return—be this in terms of pleasure, work value, or rest. Those coming from lands where time is looked upon differently may find this matter of pace to be one of their most difficult adjustments in both business and daily life.
Many newcomers to the states will miss the opening courtesy of a business call, for example. They will miss the ritual socializing that goes with a welcoming cup of tea or coffee that may be traditional in their own country. They may miss leisurely business chats in a cafe or coffee house. Normally, Americans don’t assess their visitors in such relaxed surroundings over prolonged small talks. We seek out evidence of past performance rather than evaluate a business colleague through social courtesies. Since we generally assess and probe professionally rather than socially, we start talking business very quickly.
第1小题
Which of the following statements is wrong?
第2小题
In the fourth paragraph, “a high priority” means __________________.
第3小题
Americans evaluate a business colleague __________________.
第4小题
This passage mainly talks about __________________.
第5小题
We can infer from the passage that the author’s tone in writing is __________________.

选项：
A.Americans seem to be always under pressure.
选项：
B.Americans attach less importance to patience.
选项：
C.Americans don’t care much about ritual socializing.
选项：
D.Americans are impolite to their business colleagues.
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（4）Scientists in the United States have developed a computer program that could provide an early warning of major earthquakes. The new system is designed to give a warning seconds before an earthquake strikes.
That may not sound like very long. However, it could give people time to get under a table. The flow of electric power or gas could be cut, air traffic controllers could warn away pilots. Even so-called “smart buildings” could be designed to get ready.
Richard Allen of the University of Wisconsin and Hiroo Kananmori of the California Institute of Technology developed the program. They call it the Earthquake Alarm System. A report published in Science magazine describes it.
The system uses a mathematical program to measure information collected by instruments placed across the Los Angeles area. Southern California already has more than 150 stations that measure movements within the ground. The information they collect is sent to a high-speed computer.
The new system is designed to estimate the strength of the earthquake once the shaking starts. Areas directly above the center of the earthquake would have the least warning. Distant places might have as long as forty seconds.
Professor Allen notes that an early warning system for earthquakes would require a major campaign of public education. Then, another problem is the possibility of false alarms.
第1小题
When an earthquake strikes, the new alarm system would give people enough time to __________________.
第2小题
The “earthquake Alarm System” described in the passage has been developed by __________________.
第3小题
The new alarming program __________________.
第4小题
The new alarm system may be described as __________________.
第5小题
The writer of this passage has most probably used information from __________________.

选项：
A.find shelter in “smart buildings”
选项：
B.tell pilots to land the airplanes
选项：
C.know the strength of the earthquake
选项：
D.turn off gas and electricity
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（5）Britain and France are separated by the English Channel, a body of water that can be crossed in as few as 20 minutes. But the cultures of the two countries sometimes seem to be miles apart.
Last Thursday Britain and France celebrated the 100th anniversary of the signing of a friendship agreement called the Entente Cordiale. The agreement— signed in London on April 8, 1904— marked a new beginning for the countries following centuries of wars and love-hate partnership. 　
But their relationship has seen ups and downs over the past century. Just last year, there were fierce disagreements over the Iraq war— which British Prime Minister Tony Blair supported despite French President Jacques Chirac speaking out against it. This discomfort is expressed in Blair and Chirac’s body language at international meetings. While the French leader often greets German Chancellor Gerhard Schroeder with a hug, Blair just receives a handshake. However, some political experts say the war in Iraq could in fact have helped ties.
The history of divisions may well be because of the very different ways in which the two sides see the world. “The French think Britain is not doing its best to become part of Europe by not introducing the single European currency,” said Geoff Hare, a former lecturer in French politics and language at Newcastle University in Britain. “France has spent the past 15 to 20 years making itself seen as part of the European Union.” But this doesn’t stop 12 million Britons taking holidays in France each year. However, only 3 million French come in the opposite direction. Surveys show that most French people feel closer to the Germans than they do the British. And the research carried out in Britain has found that only a third of the population believes the French can be trusted. Perhaps this bad feeling comes because the British dislike France’s close relationship with Germany. Or because the French are not happy with Britain’s close links with the U.S.. 　
Whatever the answer, as both sides celebrate 100 years of “doubtful friendship”, they are at least able to make jokes about each other. Here’s one: What’s the best thing about Britain’s relationship with France? The English Channel.
第1小题
For centuries, the relationship between Britain and France is __________________.
第2小题
The war in Iraq does __________________ to the relationship between France and Britain.
第3小题
The British are not so friendly to __________________ and the French are not so friendly to__________________.
第4小题
__________________ are more interested in having holidays in __________________.
第5小题
What does the last sentence mean?

选项：
A.friendly
选项：
B.impolite
选项：
C.brotherly
选项：
D.a mixture of love and hate
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（6）Google, the Internet search-engine company, has announced it will give more than twenty-five million dollars in money and investments to help the poor. The company says the effort involves using the power of information and technology to help people improve their lives.
Aleem Walji works for Google.org —the part of the company that gives money to good causes. He said the company’s first project will help identify where infectious (传染性的) diseases are developing. In Southeast Asia and Africa, for example, Google.org will work with partners to strengthen early-warning systems and take action against growing health threats.
Google.org’s second project will invest in ways to help small and medium-sized businesses grow. Walji says microfinance (小额信贷) is generally small, short-term loans that create few jobs. Instead, he says Google.org wants to develop ways to bring investors and business owners together to create jobs and improve economic growth.
Google.org will also give money to help two climate-change programs announced earlier this year. One of these programs studies ways to make renewable (再生的) energy less costly than coal-based energy. The other is examining the efforts being made to increase the use of electric cars.
The creators of Google have promised to give Google.org about one percent of company profits and one percent of its total stock value every year. Aleem Walji says this amount may increase in the future.
第1小题
The purpose of Google’s investments is to __________________.
第2小题
According to Aleem Walji, the company’s first project is to __________________.
第3小题
What kind of businesses will benefit from Google.org’s second project?
第4小题
From the fourth paragraph, we learn that Google’s money is also invested to help __________________.
第5小题
From the last paragraph we learn that the investments by Google.org come from __________________.

选项：
A.help poor people
选项：
B.develop new technology
选项：
C.expand its own business
选项：
D.increase the power of information
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（7）Adam Smith was the first person to see the importance of the division of the labor. He gave us an example of the process by which pins were made in England.
One man draws out the wire, another strengthens it, a third cuts it, a fourth points it, and a fifth gives it a head. Just to make the head requires two or three different operations. The work of making pins is divided into about eighteen different operations, which in some factories are all performed by different people, though in others the same man will sometimes perform two or three of them.
Ten men, Smith said, in this way, turned out twelve pounds of pins a day or about 4800 pins a worker. But if all of them had worked separately and independently without division of labor, they certainly could not have made twenty pins in a day and not even one.
There can be no doubt that division of labor is an efficient way of organizing work. Fewer people can make more pins. Adam Smith saw this, but he also took it for granted that division of labor is itself responsible for economic growth and development and it accounts for the difference between expanding economies and those that stand still. But division of labor adds nothing new, it only enables people to produce more of what they already have.
第1小题
According to the passage, Adam Smith was the first person to __________________.
第2小题
Adam Smith saw that the division of labor __________________.
第3小题
Adam Smith mentioned the number 4800 in order to __________________.
第4小题
According to the writer, Adam Smith’s mistake was in believing that the division of labor __________________.
第5小题
According to the writer, which one of the following is NOT true?

选项：
A.take advantage of the physical labor
选项：
B.introduce the division of labor into England
选项：
C.understand the effects of the division of labor
选项：
D.explain the bad causes of the division of labor
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（8）A scientist who wants to predict the way in which consumers (消费者) will spend their money must study consumer behavior. He must obtain data both on the resources of consumers and on the motives that tend to encourage or discourage money spending.
If an economist were asked which of three groups borrow most— people with rising incomes, stable incomes, or decreasing incomes— he would probably answer, those with decreasing incomes. Actually years 1947-1950, the answer was: people with rising incomes. People with decreasing incomes were next and people with stable incomes borrowed the least. This shows us that traditional assumptions (假设) about earning and spending are not always reliable. Another traditional assumption is that if people who have money expect prices to go up they will hasten to buy. If they expect prices to go down, they will postpone buying. But research surveys have shown that this is not always true. The expectations of price increases may not stimulate buying. One typical attitude was expressed by the wife of a mechanic in an interview at a time of rising prices. “In a few months,” she said, “we’ll have to pay more for meat and milk; we’ll have less to spend on other things. “Her family had been planning to buy a new car but they postponed this purchase. Furthermore, the rise in prices that has already taken place may be disliked and buyer’s resistance may be produced. This is shown by the following typical comment: “I just don’t pay these prices; they are too high.”
The investigations mentioned above were carried out in America; condition most helpful to spending appears to be price stability. If prices have been stable and people consider that they are reasonable, they are likely to buy. Thus, it appears that the common business policy of maintaining stable prices is based on a correct understanding of consumer psychology (心理学)。
第1小题
According to the passage, if one wants to predict the way consumers spend their money, he should __________________.
第2小题
According to paragraph 2, one traditional assumption is that people with __________________ incomes borrow most.
第3小题
According to paragraph 2, research surveys have proved that __________________.
第4小题
From the results of the surveys, the writer of this article __________________.
第5小题
Which of the following statements is always TRUE according to the surveys mentioned in the passage?

选项：
A.rely on traditional assumptions about earning and spending
选项：
B.try to encourage or discourage consumers to spend money
选项：
C.carry out investigations on consumer behavior and get data on consumers incomes and money spending motives
选项：
D.do researches in consumer psychology in a laboratory
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（9）By adopting a few simple techniques, parents who read to their children can greatly increase their children’s language development. It is surprising but true. How parents talk to their children makes a big difference in the children’s language development. If a parent encourages the child to actively respond to what the parent is reading, the child’s language skills increase.
A study was done with 30 three-year-old children and their parents. Half of the children participated in the experimental study; the other half acted as the control group. In the experimental group, the parents were given a two-hour training session in which they were taught to ask open-ended questions rather than yes-or-no questions. For example, the parent should ask, “What is the doggie doing?” rather than “Is the doggie running away?” The parents in the experimental group were also instructed in how to help children find answers, how to suggest alternative possibilities and how to praise correct answers.
At the beginning of the study, the children did not differ in measures of language development, but at the end of one month, the children in the experimental group showed 5.5 months ahead of the control group on a test of verbal expression and vocabulary. Nine months later, the children in the experimental group still showed an advance of 6 months over the children in the control group.
第1小题
Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?
第2小题
What does “it” in line 2 can most probably be replaced by?
第3小题
According to the author, which of the following questions is the best type to ask children about?
第4小题
The difference between the control group and the experimental group was __________________.
第5小题
The best conclusion we can draw from the passage is that __________________.

选项：
A.Children who talk a lot are more intelligent.
选项：
B.Parents who listen to their children can teach them more.
选项：
C.Active children should read more and be given more attention.
选项：
D.Verbal ability can easily be developed with proper methods.
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完型填空：
（1）Recently, I flew to Las Vegas to attend a meeting. As we were about to arrive, the pilot announced with apology that there would be a slight##before setting down. High desert winds had##the airport to close all but one runway. He said that we would be##the city for a few minutes waiting to##. We were also told to remain in our seats meanwhile with our seat belts fastened##there might be a few bumps(颠簸). Well, that few minutes turned into about four-five minutes, including a ride that would make a roller coaster(过山车) ##by comparisonThe movement was so fierce that several passengers felt##and had to use airsickness bags. As you might guess, that’s not good thing to happen in a(n) ##space because it only##to increase the discomfort of the situation. About twenty minutes into the adventure, the entire airplane became very##. There was now a sense of anxiety and fear that could be ## noticed. Every passenger simply held on for dear life…except one. A ##was having a good time! With each bump of the##, he would let out a giggle (咯咯的笑) of delight. As I observed this, I ## that he didn’t know he was supposed to be afraid and worried about his ##. He neither thought about the past nor about the future. Those are what we grown-ups have learned from ##. He was ## the ride because had not yet been taught to fear it. Having understood this, I took a deep breath and ## back into my seat, pretending I was ## on a roller coaster. I smiled for the rest of the flight. I even ##to giggle once or twice, much to the chagrin of the man sitting next to me holding the airsickness bag.

A.mistake
B.delay
C.change
D.wind
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（2）People do not analyze every problem they meet. Sometimes they try to remember a solution from the last time they had a ## problem. They often accept the opinion or ideas of other people. Other times they begin to act without ##; they try to find a solution by trial and error. ##, when all of these methods ##, the person with a problem has to start analyzing. There are six stages in analyzing a problem. ## the person must recognize that there is a problem. For example, Sam’s bicycle is broken, and he cannot ride it to class as he usually does. Sam must ## that there is a problem with his bicycle.Next the person must ## the problem. Before Sam can repair his bicycle, he must know why it does not work. For example, he must ## the parts that are wrong.Now the person must look for information that will make the problem clearer and lead to## solutions. For example, suppose Sam ## that his bike does not work because there is something wrong with the brakes. ## he can look in his bicycle repair book and read about brakes, ## his friends at the bike shop, or look at his brakes carefully.After studying the problem, the person should have ## suggestions for a possible solution. Take Sam as an example ##, his suggestions might be: tighten or loosen the brakes; buy new brakes and change the old ones.In the end, one ## seems to be the solution ## the problem. Sometimes the final idea comes quite ## because the thinker suddenly sees something in a ## way. Sam, for example, suddenly sees there is a piece of chewing gum (口香糖) stuck to a brake. He immediately hits on the solution to his problem: he must##the brake. Finally the solution is ##. Sam does it and finds his bicycle works perfectly. In short he has solved the problem.

A.serious
B.usual
C.similar
D.common
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（3）Robert Moody, 52, is an experienced police officer. Much of his work involves dealing with##and gang (团伙) problems in the schools of his community. Knowing that many kids often ##trouble, he decided to do something about it. So in 1991 he began to invite small groups of kids to go fishing with him on his day ##. Those fun trips had a(n) ##impact. A chance encounter in 2000 proved that. One day, ##working security at a school basketball game, Moody noticed two young guys ##. He sensed trouble between them. ##, one of them headed toward Moody and gave him a hug. ” I ##you. You took me ##when I was in fifth grade. That was one of the ##days of my life. ”Deeply touched by the boy’s word, Moody decided to create a foundation (基金会) that ##teenagers to the basics of fishing in camping programs. “As a policeman, I saw ##there was violence, drugs were always behind it. They have a damaging##on the kids, ” says Moody. By turning kids on to fishing, he ##to present an alternative way of life, “When you’re sitting there waiting for a ##,” he says, “you can’t help but talk to each other, and such ##can be pretty deep. ”“Talking about drugs helped prepare me for the peer (同龄人) pressures in high school, ” says Michelle, 17, who ##the first program. “And I was able to help my little brother ##drugs.”Moody faces##in three years, when he hopes to run the foundation full-time. “I’m living a happy life and I have a responsibility to my##to give back, ” Moody says. “If I teach a kid to fish today, he can teach his brother to fish tomorrow. ”

A.drinking
B.drug
C.security
D.smoking
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